RevistaSPM 2024 01 - Flipbook - Page 7
SOCIEDADE
PORTUGUESA de
MATERIAIS
3DCP como resposta às
crises de mão-de-obra,
de habitação e climática
JOÃO GONDAR I
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
ŽĂŶĂůŝƐĂƌŽƌĞĐĞŶƚĞƌĞůĂƚſƌŝŽBuilding Materials and the Climate: Construc ng a New FutureĞůĂďŽƌĂĚŽŶŽ
ąŵďŝƚŽĚĂGlobal Alliance for Buildings and Construc on (GlobalABC)ƉŽƌƉĂƌƚĞĚŽWƌŽŐƌĂŵĂĚĂƐEĂĕƁĞƐ
hŶŝĚĂƐƉĂƌĂŽDĞŝŽŵďŝĞŶƚĞ;WEhDͿĞƉĞůŽYale Center for Ecosystems + Architectureϭ͕ĐŽŶƐƚĂƚĂͲƐĞ
ƋƵĞŽƐĞƚŽƌĚĂĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽĠ͕ĚĞůŽŶŐĞ͕ŽŵĂŝŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŽƌĚĞŐĂƐĞƐĐŽŵĞĨĞŝƚŽĚĞĞƐƚƵĨĂ͕ƐĞŶĚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĄǀĞůƉŽƌ
ƵŶƐŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĂŶƚĞƐϯϳйĚĂƐĞŵŝƐƐƁĞƐŐůŽďĂŝƐ͘
ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽĞƐƚƵĚŽKWĂƌƋƵĞ,ĂďŝƚĂĐŝŽŶĂůͲ
ĂŶĄůŝƐĞ Ğ ĞǀŽůƵĕĆŽ͗ ϮϬϭϭͲϮϬϮϭ͕ ƌĞĂůŝnjĂĚŽ ƉĞůŽ
/ŶƐƟƚƵƚŽ EĂĐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞ ƐƚĂơƐƟĐĂ ;/EͿ Ğŵ
ĐŽůĂďŽƌĂĕĆŽ ĐŽŵ Ž >ĂďŽƌĂƚſƌŝŽ EĂĐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞ
ŶŐĞŶŚĂƌŝĂŝǀŝů͕ΗKƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĚŽƐĞŶƐŽƐϮϬϮϭ
ƌĞǀĞůĂƌĂŵƵŵĂďƌĂŶĚĂŵĞŶƚŽŶŽĐƌĞƐĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĚŽ
ƉĂƌƋƵĞŚĂďŝƚĂĐŝŽŶĂů͕ĐŽŵĂƵŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĞĂƉĞŶĂƐ
Ϭ͕ϴйƉĂƌĂŽƐĞĚŝİĐŝŽƐĞϭ͕ϵйƉĂƌĂŽƐĂůŽũĂŵĞŶͲ
ƚŽƐĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌĞƐĐůĄƐƐŝĐŽƐĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽĂϮϬϭϭ͕Ƶŵ
ĐƌĞƐĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂƟǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ ŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌ ĂŽ
ŽďƐĞƌǀĂĚŽĞŵĚĠĐĂĚĂƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͘ΗŵϮϬϭϭ͕Ă
Η;͙ͿƉƌŽƉŽƌĕĆŽĚĞĂůŽũĂŵĞŶƚŽƐƐŽďƌĞůŽƚĂĚŽƐĞƌĂ
ĚĞ ϭϮ͕ϳй͘ ŶƚƌĞ ϮϬϭϭ Ğ ϮϬϮϭ ƌĞŐŝƐƚŽƵͲƐĞ Ƶŵ
ĂƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞϭϳ͕ϭйĚĞĂůŽũĂŵĞŶƚŽƐƐŽďƌĞůŽƚĂĚŽƐ
ƉĂƌĂϱϮϳŵŝůΗ͘KŶƷŵĞƌŽŝŶƐƵĮĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĐŽŶƐͲ
ƚƌƵĕĆŽĚĞŶŽǀĂƐŚĂďŝƚĂĕƁĞƐ͕ĂůŝĂĚĂĂƵŵĂƵŵĞŶͲ
ƚŽ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂƟǀŽ ĚĞ ĂůŽũĂŵĞŶƚŽƐ ƐŽďƌĞůŽƚĂĚŽƐ͕
ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵĞŵ ƉĂƌĂ ƵŵĂ ĐƌŝƐĞ ĚĞ ŚĂďŝƚĂĕĆŽ Ğŵ
WŽƌƚƵŐĂůƐĞŵƉƌĞĐĞĚĞŶƚĞƐϮ͘
ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƌĞůĂƚſƌŝŽK&ƵƚƵƌŽĚŽdƌĂďĂůŚŽ
ĞŵWŽƌƚƵŐĂů͗K/ŵƉĞƌĂƟǀŽĚĂZĞƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂĕĆŽ͕ΗK
ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞ ĐŝĐůŽ ĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐŽ ŶŽ ƋƵĂů ƐĞ ĞŶĐŽŶƚƌĂ
WŽƌƚƵŐĂů͕ ƉŽƌ ĞdžĞŵƉůŽ͕ ĐŽŵ ďĂŝdžĂ ƚĂdžĂ ĚĞ
ĚĞƐĞŵƉƌĞŐŽ ĨĂnj ĐŽŵ ƋƵĞ ĞŵƉƌĞƐĂƐ ƚĞŶŚĂŵ
ŵĂŝƐĚŝĮĐƵůĚĂĚĞĞŵĞŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƌŵĆŽͲĚĞͲŽďƌĂ͕Ž
ƋƵĞ ƉŽƌ ƐƵĂ ǀĞnj ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĂ Ž ŝŶǀĞƐƟŵĞŶƚŽ Ğŵ
ĂƵƚŽŵĂĕĆŽΗϯ͘
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽĐŝǀŝůĠƚĂŵďĠŵƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĄǀĞůƉŽƌƵŵ
ŐƌĂŶĚĞ ĐŽŶƐƵŵŽ ĚĞ ƌĞĐƵƌƐŽƐ ŶĂƚƵƌĂŝƐ Ğ ƵŵĂ
ŐƌĂŶĚĞƉƌŽĚƵĕĆŽĚĞƌĞƐşĚƵŽƐ͘,ĄƉŽƌŝƐƐŽƵŵĂ
ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĞĐĞƐƐŝĚĂĚĞĞŵƌĞĚƵnjŝƌŽĐŽŶƐƵŵŽĚĞ
ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂŝƐ ŶĆŽ ƌĞŶŽǀĄǀĞŝƐ͕ ĨĂnjĞŶĚŽ Ă ƐƵĂ
ƐƵďƐƟƚƵŝĕĆŽ ƉŽƌ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂŝƐ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀŽƐ ĂŽƐ
ƚƌĂĚŝĐŝŽŶĂŝƐ͕ ƌĞĐŝĐůĂĚŽƐ͘ ,Ą ĚŝǀĞƌƐŽƐ ĞƐƚƵĚŽƐ
ŶĞƐƐĞƐĞŶƟĚŽ͕ƐĞŶĚŽĂĞdžĞŵƉůŽŽĞƐƚƵĚŽhƐĞŽĨ
tĂƐƚĞDĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚEĂƚƵƌĂů
ŐŐƌĞŐĂƚĞƐŝŶϯWƌŝŶƟŶŐDŽƌƚĂƌƐϰƋƵĞĞƐƚƵĚĂ
ĂƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚŽƵƐŽĚĞƌĞƐşĚƵŽƐĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽ
ĞĚĞŵŽůŝĕĆŽĐŽŵŽĂŐƌĞŐĂĚŽ͕ĂƐƵďƐƟƚƵŝĕĆŽĚĞ
ĂƌĞŝĂŶĂƚƵƌĂůƉŽƌĂƌĞŝĂƐƉƌŽǀĞŶŝĞŶƚĞƐĚĞƟũŽůŽƐ
ƌĞĐŝĐůĂĚŽƐĞĂŝŶĚĂĐŝŶnjĂƐĚĞďĂŐĂĕŽĚĞĐĂŶĂͲĚĞͲ
ĂĕƷĐĂƌĐŽŵŽƐƵďƐƟƚƵƚŽĚŽĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĚĞWŽƌƚůĂŶĚ͘
Z^WK^d
ΗEĂ ,ĂǀĞůĂƌ͕ ĂĐƌĞĚŝƚĂŵŽƐ ŶƵŵ ĨƵƚƵƌŽ ŽŶĚĞ Ă
ƚĞĐŶŽůŽŐŝĂ ŶĂ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽ ŝŵƉƵůƐŝŽŶĂ ƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐ
ƐƵƐƚĞŶƚĄǀĞŝƐ͕ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚĂ ĐŽŵƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐ ŐůŽďĂŝƐ Ğ
ĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟnjĂ Ž ĂĐĞƐƐŽ Ă ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ ŚĂďŝƚĂĐŝŽŶĂŝƐ
ĞdžĐůƵƐŝǀŽƐΗ͘ ĞƐƚĂ Ă ĮůŽƐŽĮĂ ƋƵĞ ŽƌŝĞŶƚĂ Ă
,ĂǀĞůĂƌ͕ ĞŵƉƌĞƐĂ ƉŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĂ ƋƵĞ ƉƌŽŵĞƚĞ
ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƌŽƉĂŶŽƌĂŵĂĚĂĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽĐŝǀŝůŶŽ
ƉĂşƐ͕ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĄǀĞů ƉĞůĂ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽ ĚĂ ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂ
ĐĂƐĂ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐĂ Ğŵ ϯ Ğŵ ƚĞƌƌŝƚſƌŝŽ ŶĂĐŝŽŶĂů͕
ĐŽŵŽƉŽƌĞdžĞŵƉůŽĨŽŝƚĞƐƚĞŵƵŶŚĂĚŽŶĂƌƵďƌŝĐĂ
ĚĂ ^/ &ƵƚƵƌŽ ,ŽũĞ ƉŽƌ >ŽƵƌĞŶĕŽ DĞĚĞŝƌŽƐ ŶŽ
ƉĂƐƐĂĚŽĚŝĂϭϵĚĞŵĂƌĕŽϱ͘
ĞĨŽƌŵĂĂƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞƌăƐĐƌŝƐĞƐĚĞŵĆŽͲĚĞͲŽďƌĂ͕
ĚĞŚĂďŝƚĂĕĆŽĞĐůŝŵĄƟĐĂ͕Ă,ĂǀĞůĂƌƉƌŽƉƁĞƵŵĂ
ĨŽƌŵĂŝŶŽǀĂĚŽƌĂĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵŝƌŶŽǀĂƐŚĂďŝƚĂĕƁĞƐ
ĞŵWŽƌƚƵŐĂů͗ĂŝŵƉƌĞƐƐĆŽϯĚĞďĞƚĆŽ;ĞŵŝŶŐůġƐ
ϯ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ WƌŝŶƟŶŐ Ͳ ϯWͿ͘ ƵƌĂŶƚĞ Ă
ƌĞĐĞŶƚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽĚĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĐĂƐĂƉƌŽĚƵnjŝĚĂ
ĚĞƐƚĂĨŽƌŵĂĞŵWŽƌƚƵŐĂů͕Ă,ĂǀĞůĂƌĨŽŝĐĂƉĂnjĚĞ
ĞƌŐƵĞƌĂƐƉĂƌĞĚĞƐĚĂĐĂƐĂĞŵĂƉĞŶĂƐϭϴŚŽƌĂƐ
ĚĞ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ ĐŽŶơŶƵĂ͘ ŵ ƉŽƵĐŽ ƚĞŵƉŽ͕ ĨŽŝ
ƉŽƐƐşǀĞů ĞƌŐƵĞƌ ƵŵĂ ĐĂƐĂ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĂŵĞŶƚĞ
ĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĂů͕ĚĞƐĚĞĂĨƵŶĚĂĕĆŽĂƚĠĂŽĂĐĂďĂŵĞŶƚŽ
ĮŶĂů͕ƌĞĐŽƌƌĞŶĚŽĂƵŵŵŝƐƚŽĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽŽīͲ
ƐŝƚĞ;ĞŵĨĄďƌŝĐĂͿĞŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ;ŶŽůŽĐĂůͿ͕ĐŽŵďŝŶĂŶĚŽ
Ă ĞĮĐŝġŶĐŝĂ ĚĂ ƉƌŽĚƵĕĆŽ Ğŵ ĨĄďƌŝĐĂ ĐŽŵ Ă
ĂĚĂƉƚĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞ Ğ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽ ƌĞƋƵĞƌŝĚĂƐ ŶŽ
ůŽĐĂůĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĕĆŽ͘
visão
industrial
07
